A 2014 meta-analysis of 44 randomized controlled trials in subjects with or without chronic diseases summarized the effect of supplemental vitamin C on endothelial function by measuring FMD (19 studies), assessing forearm blood flow (20 studies), or by pulse wave analysis (5 trials) (39).  (PubMed), 10. The role of increased oxidative stress in the occurrence of vascular complications in subjects with diabetes has led to hypothesis that higher intakes of antioxidant nutrients could help lower the risk of CVD in diabetic subjects (144). Am J Obstet Gynecol. Skin link : https://www.dropbox.com/sh/t48h15h3qdl4kli/AACS_knuetHZjG4Y3LaUgda0a?dl=0Put skin in /Etterna/NoteSkins/dance. 1997;17(3):415-425. Â, 195. Cardiovasc Res.  (PubMed), 124. For some still unclear reasons, smoking has been associated with a lower risk of preeclampsia during pregnancy (93).  Choi HK, Gao X, Curhan G. Vitamin C intake and the risk of gout in men: a prospective study.  Levine M, Padayatty SJ, Espey MG. Vitamin C: a concentration-function approach yields pharmacology and therapeutic discoveries. Vitamin C deficiency in the brain impairs cognition, increases amyloid accumulation and deposition, and oxidative stress in APP/PSEN1 and normally aging mice. Low ascorbate levels are associated with increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activity and an aggressive tumor phenotype in endometrial cancer.  Hemila H, Suonsyrja T. Vitamin C for preventing atrial fibrillation in high risk patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. $29.99. Only one large trial in more than 14,000 older men participating in the Physicians’ Health Study II (PHS II) reported on cardiovascular outcomes. Nutrients. Click the skin you want to download above. Front Physiol. Myocardial reperfusion injury leads to complications, such as reperfusion arrhythmias (see Atrial fibrillation) and myocardial stunning. Pediatrics.  (PubMed), 14. In the second prospective cohort study, the Diet, Cancer and Health Study, 55,543 Danish adults (ages 50-64 years) were questioned at baseline about their lifestyle, diet, and supplement use during the previous 12 months (125).  Hankey GJ. Improved endothelial function was observed with daily vitamin C doses above 500 mg (39). Two large prospective studies found dietary vitamin C intake to be inversely associated with breast cancer incidence in certain subgroups. Linus Pauling Institute    Roswall N, Olsen A, Christensen J, Dragsted LO, Overvad K, Tjonneland A. Micronutrient intake and risk of urothelial carcinoma in a prospective Danish cohort.  Hammoud AO, Bujold E, Sorokin Y, Schild C, Krapp M, Baumann P. Smoking in pregnancy revisited: findings from a large population-based study. Please put an NSFW tag on SiLviA skins (it has one). Ester-C® should not be confused with ascorbyl palmitate, which is also marketed as "vitamin C ester" (see below). Effects of a novel ascorbate-based protocol on infarct size and ventricle function in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty. In the past 40 years, numerous placebo-controlled trials have examined the effect of vitamin C supplementation on the prevention and treatment of colds.  (PubMed), 114. Montvale: Thomson Reuters; 2008. Â, 202      Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. The most recent large prospective cohort study found an inverse association between dietary vitamin C intake and CHD mortality in Japanese women, but not in men (48). Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations relate inversely to blood pressure in human subjects. 2006;27(11):2250-2257. 2009;46(11):1558. For example, potassium — found at high levels in bananas, potatoes, and other fruit and vegetables — is known to be important in blood pressure regulation, and elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for stroke (see the article on Potassium). JACC Cardiovasc Interv. JAMA. Higher doses (>500 mg) result in fractionally less vitamin C being absorbed as the dose increases.  (PubMed), 34. It is not known whether supplemental vitamin C could improve markers of glycemic control in subjects at risk of diabetes. Comparison of the absorption and excretion of three commercially available sources of vitamin C. J Am Diet Assoc. A meta-analysis of 29 small randomized controlled trials of short durations (median duration, 8 weeks) in 1,407 participants (10 to 120 subjects per trial; including both normotensive and hypertensive subjects) found that daily supplementation with 60 to 4,000 mg of vitamin C (median dose, 500 mg) reduced systolic blood pressure by 3.84 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure by 1.48 mm Hg (45).  Mirvish SS, Wallcave L, Eagen M, Shubik P. Ascorbate-nitrite reaction: possible means of blocking the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds.
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